Xert's Biology notes

Just an Idea I had in honnor of school ending I'm posting my Bio notes here then burning them

I. Cell- Fundamental part of ALL organisms

A. First named and described by Robert Hooke
1. Study of cells progressed slowly
a. Poor insruments until Anton Von Leewenhoek invented the Microscope
b. Cells were still hard to see- discovery of Dyes solved this problem

2. Study of cells led to cell theroy- 3 parts
a. Cells are the basic unit of structure in liveing things
c. All new cells come from existing cells

3. Cell theory proved (and spontaneous Generation disproved) scienifically by Louis Pasture

II. Parts of a cell

A. Nucleus- controls all functions of the cell
1. contains several parts and structures
2. Nuclear membrane- separates nucleus from the rest of the cell.
a. A selectively premeable membrane- allows some substances to pass through but not others.
b. composed of lipids (fats) and protien
3. Because of the nucleus there are two major types of organisms- THIS IS THE BIGGEST DIVISON IN LIFE THERE IS.

c. Prokaryotes- No orgaized nuclues
1. Bacteria
2. Cyanobacteria (blue green algae)

d. Eukaryotes organized nucleus separated by nuclear membrane
1. animals
2. plants
3. protozoa
4. fungus

C. Edoplasmic reticulm (ER) a network of tubes throughout the cytoplasm.
*Acts as transport system for moveing molecules through the cell

D Ribosomes- Small structures along the ER- places were protiens are manufactured
E. Golgi Apparatus (bodies)- fuction not clearly known. Best theroy- they are the packageing site for protiens and other molecules.
F. Mitochondria "power house" of the cell
1. controls all cells energy realtions
2. provides the energy to run the cells activity
G. Vacuol- fluid filled bag- used for sevral functions
1. Pump out (or bring in water)
2. Store food
3. digestion (this type is called a Lysome)
a. Important in plants few animals or protist
H. Cystoplasm- semi fluid that fills a cell
1. surrounds other cell parts
I. Chloroplast found only in autotrough cells
1. contains chorophyll
2. converts sunlight into suger (gluegose)
J. Cell wall- not found in annimal cells
1. provides structure and support
all these parts are called organ- a part of a cell with certain function.

IV. Transport
- two main types
A. Passive transport cell does not have to expend energy
1. diffusion movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower consontraition
2. Cell Membranes let some things diffuse but not others- Called selectively preamble
a. Some molecules are not wanted in a cell.
b. Some molecules are to big to diffuse
B. Active transport- must use energy to move a molecule across the cell membrane
1. active transport moves a molecule opposite diffusion from an area of lower to higher.
2. this need energy- enregy is supplied to the cell by molecule ATP which is made in the mitocondria.
a. anytime energy (a force) is used to move anything over a distance work is done
3. Centrioles- found in animals and protozoa cels not found in plants
a. involed in cell reproduction
b. functions is not well known
B. Cell membrane- boundary between the cell and its enviroment- controls what goes on in and out of the cell
1. Made of lipids and protiens
2. Acts as a pump and filter for cells
3. selectively premeable substances
4. struchure of cell membrane.

Chapter 5B
Mitosis and Meiosis​

Cell divishon: Mitosis
A. Mitosis process of nuclear divishon in cells
1. Most cells under go Mitosis
2. when they divied cells must keep the same number of chromosomes
a. Differt spieces have differnt number of chromosomes (46 in humans)
3 mitosis has sevral stages or phases
B. Interphase- not part of mitosis
1. cells spends most of it's life in this phase.
2. a time of growth in the cell (G1 and G2)
3. the gentic material is not in the form of chromosomes yet
4. DNA duplicates it's self in this phase

 

bio? are you in 9th grade?


oh sorry, keep going with your burning...

~BURNINATE THEM~

 

maybe I am but realy what grade you take bio depends on your school

 

My school made it wierd. In 9th grade you take Concepts of Physical Science, but if you are in honors, you don't take Honors COPS, you take Honors Biology. So there is no Standard Bio until 10th grade. And they started doing that last year. My school's beuacracy is so messed up. It needs to be fixed.

 

I learned this in 5th grade, which is like 6th grade for my school. I'm in 7th now. ​

 

I'm in 8th and taking 10th Grade Bio. I'm advanced. 8D

But this is ALL the notes you have!? I have buckets full.

 

it's not done yet I'm just going to add when I have time to past

 

I'm on my fourth note book so far. lol. I just keep my notebooks. I'll need them for 8th grade exams. I just know it.​

 

I finished Grade 9 science last semester, and that still makes absolutely no sense to me. It probably did a few months ago, but I have a tendency to forget topics that have big words associated with them. :D :sweat:

 

I just took our Bio HSA's today. o_O

 

whoo hoo I'm done with Chapter 5A of notes